E Barton.jpg \BEdmund Barton, Australia’s first Prime Minister.\b \ICredit: National Archives of Australia, Image no.: A8139, VOLUME 8.\i \BPreface\b This \IEarly History of Australia\i begins with a blank space on the map, and ends with the record of a new name on the map, that of Anzac. It endeavours to elucidate the way in which the country was discovered, why and how it was settled, the development of civilised society within it, its political and social progress, mode of government, and relations, historical and actual, including the Empire from which it originated. This title covers Australian History from the early 1600s to 1945. It is based upon the book titled \IA Short History of Australia\i, written by Ernest Scott, Professor of History in the University of Melbourne. Additional information and pictures have been added by Dynamic Learning Online. \IPlease select the first link below to go to the start of the title. Alternatively, select any Chapter link to go to that Chapter.\i 2008-03-06T15:00:12+11:00 false 17 7 2008-04-17T14:23:13+10:00 Hartogh plate.png \BCaptain Dirck Hartogh nails his plate to a post in WA in 1616.\b \ICredit: http://www.voc.iinet.net.au/.\i \IPermission was kindly granted by the VOC Society for the use of the information contained in this title. Website details are at http://www.voc.iinet.net.au/.\i \ShPreface The VOC Historical Society was formed in 2000 in Western Australia by a group of history enthusiasts. The Society is concerned at the apparent lack of knowledge about maritime events that took place in the 17th and 18th centuries off and on WA’s coastline hundreds of years before the settlement of WA in 1829. It is also interested in finding out what happened to the survivors of Dutch shipwrecks and those marooned on WA soil during that period. Hence the Society’s two objectives are: *To enhance the history of Western Australia by adding another two hundred years to its record and to make this history extensively known. *To investigate information concerning evidence of shipwreck survivors’ habitats on Australian soil and the extent to which survivors made contact with local aboriginal groups, the degree of integration and its effect on aboriginal culture, practices and lifestyle. In fulfilling these objectives the Society will be “Enriching Australian History” VOC stands for \BVereenigde Oostindische Compagnie\b (United East Indies Company). It was formed in the Netherlands in 1602 with the aim of sending ships to East Asia to buy pepper, cinnamon and other spices and trade them on European markets. The VOC grew rapidly to become a multinational company with trading forts in southern Africa and all over Asia. Halfway through the 18th century, the VOC employed 25,000 persons, 3,000 in the Netherlands. The VOC built its own ships, a total of 1,500, which together made 5,000 journeys to Asia. They established a network of trading posts stretching from the Persian Gulf to the Chinese Sea. The VOC ended its existence as a trading company in 1800. \IPlease select the first link below to go to the start of the title. Alternatively, select any Chapter link to go to that Chapter.\i 2008-03-11T10:03:22+11:00 false 36 7 2008-06-05T18:44:37+10:00 Sturt Charles.jpg \BCharles Sturt was one of Australia's most famous explorers.\b \ShPreface In 1788, with the arrival of the first fleet, little was known about this wide brown land, which we now call Australia. It was only through the courage and perseverance by many brave explorers, that the Australia we know today, was mapped. These explorers travelled into unknown country and waters, naming mountains, valleys, plains, lakes, rivers, deserts and mapping our coastline. They experienced extreme hardship and danger, many even dying, or like Leichhardt, disappearing into the desert, never to be seen again. They suffered disease, hunger, thirst and exhaustion, all the time facing overwhelming odds. Why did they take such risks? Maybe for some it was part of the job, for others it was curiosity or a sense of adventure. Perhaps for some it was the hope of finding silver, gold or good land. Maybe they were searching for fame. Whatever their reasons, these brave men opened up Australia to settlement and allowed the colony to expand. In doing so, through their bravery, they wrote their names into the history of Australia. \IThe information in this title was kindly provided, and written, by Roma Reilly of Benowa State School, Queensland. Please see: \Ihttp://www.davidreilly.com/australian_explorers/ \IPlease select the first link below to go to the start of the title. Alternatively, select any Explorers’ link to go to that Chapter.\i 2008-03-11T10:30:07+11:00 false 38 7 2008-04-12T08:24:36+10:00 Cook James.jpg \BCaptain James Cook in his ship \IEndeavour\i first sighted the east coast of Australia at Point Hicks in 1770.\b \ShPreface This title summarises, in Timeline format, the many explorers and their varied explorations that occurred in and around Australia from 1503 to 1891. \IParts of this Chronology have been kindly provided by the VOC Historical Society in Perth at http://www.voc.iinet.net.au.\i \IPlease select the first link below to go to the start of the title. Alternatively, select any Chapter link to go to that Chapter.\i 2008-03-11T10:51:54+11:00 false 39 7 2008-04-12T08:18:29+10:00 A Scott.jpg \BAndrew Scott, alias "Captain Moonlight", started out as an Anglican lay preacher before turning to bushranging.\b \ShPreface Australia’s bushranging era spanned almost 100 years. Most bushrangers were part of a vicious band of criminals that committed atrocious crimes over a long dark period of Australia’s history. Some, however, were forced into their lawless ways through police corruption and in certain cases were protected by parts of the civilian population. \BPlease note that Ned Kelly is not included here but has its own title \I“The Kelly Gang History”\i\b. \IThe information in this section was kindly provided by Dagmar Balcarek and Gary J Dean, F.A.I.H.A. from Glen Rowen Cobb & Co Pty Ltd. Their website can be found at http://www.nedkellysworld.com.au/index.html.\i \IPlease select the first link below to go to the start of the title. Alternatively, select any Bushrangers’ link to go to that Chapter.\i 2008-03-11T11:25:24+11:00 false 40 7 2008-04-12T08:16:02+10:00 N Kelly.gif \BNed Kelly\b \ShPreface Was Ned Kelly a hero or a villain -- a plain common criminal? There is no doubt that he and his family were hard done by and maybe persecuted by authorities. The Kelly gang, including Ned, his brother Dan and two others -- Joe Byrne and Steve Hart -- were one of the last of the bushranger era. Read the story here and judge them for yourselves. \IThe information in this section was kindly provided by Dagmar Balcarek and Gary J Dean, F.A.I.H.A. from Glen Rowen Cobb & Co Pty Ltd. Their website can be found at http://www.nedkellysworld.com.au/index.html.\i \IPlease select the first link below to go to the start of the title. Alternatively, select any Chapter link to go to that Chapter.\i 2008-03-11T13:00:52+11:00 false 41 7 2008-04-17T14:36:50+10:00 Fed Kiosk.bmp \BThe Federation Kiosk, Centennial Park, Sydney at the Proclamation of Federation, 1 January 1901.\b \ICredit: National Archives of Australia, Image no.: A1200, L83908.\i \ShPreface This title describes the background and lead up to Federation in Australia, starting in 1881 with Henry Parkes proposing a Federation Council, which went nowhere. Finally in 1891, again at the instigation of Parkes, the National Australasian Convention met to formulate the basis for Federation. Some original source documents from these meetings are included below. All this culminated in a referendum of the people in 1899 successfully voting for Federation. In July 1900, both houses of the British Parliament passed the Federation Bill and it became an Act on the 9th of that month. The Commonwealth of Australia was then inaugurated on 1 January, 1901, with a visit to Australia by The Duke of Cornwall and York (later King George V) and the Duchess. \ICredit: A Source Book Of Australian History, compiled by Gwendolen H. Swinburne, 1919, and information from the Australian Government courtesy of its: http://culture.gov.au portal.\i \IPlease select the first link below to go to the start of the title. Alternatively, select any Chapter link to go to that Chapter.\i 2008-03-11T13:48:10+11:00 false 42 7 2008-04-17T14:33:49+10:00 aboriginal art.jpg \BAboriginal rock art.\b \ShPreface This title discusses many of the customs and ceremonies of Australia’s Indigenous Aboriginal community. This community is one of the oldest in the world dating back to at least 50,000 years. We discuss the culture, art, ceremonies and the Dreaming. We also look at Indigenous tools and technology and the importance of the Aboriginal blacktracker in the early stages of Australia’s History. We have also included in Chapter 10, Governor Phillip’s observations on the Aborigines in May, 1788. A final chapter looks at Indigenous people of the world. \IWarning: This title may contain the names and images of Aboriginal and Islander people now deceased. \ICredit: http://culture.gov.au. \IPlease select the first link below to go to the start of the title. Alternatively, select any Chapter link to go to that Chapter.\i 2008-03-11T13:54:33+11:00 false 43 7 2008-04-12T08:14:06+10:00 Gold rush 1.jpg \BHistorical photograph of the gold rush in Australia in 1851.\b \ICredit: National Archives of Australia, Image no.: A1200, L84862A.\i \ShPreface The gold rushes of the nineteenth century and the lives of those who worked the goldfields -- the 'diggers' -- are etched into our national folklore. There is no doubt that the gold rushes had a huge effect on the Australian economy and our development as a nation. It is also true to say that those heady times had a profound impact on the national psyche. This title looks at the gold rushes, their effects on the nation, and includes details of the Eureka Stockade, the only armed rebellion in Australia's history. Chapters 3 to 7 onwards provide original source documents on people who were actually at the diggings, providing us with first hand knowledge of the gold rushes, and the incredible hardships people endured while hoping to become rich. \IPart of the information contained in this title is credit: http://culture.gov.au.\i \IPlease select the first link below to go to the start of the title. Alternatively, select any Chapter link to go to that Chapter.\i 2008-03-11T14:15:06+11:00 false 45 7 2008-04-17T14:35:27+10:00 opera house 2.jpg \BSydney Opera House with the Harbour Bridge in the background.\b \ICredit: National Archives of Australia -- A6135, K18/7/73/4.\i \ShPreface This title, written by Peter Luck, respected journalist, social commentator, writer, and television personality, provides a rare glimpse into the major Australian happenings of the 20th century. He includes a decade-by-decade account of major highlights, and then provides a range of interesting stories that shaped this last century. Many fascinating personal interviews are included covering some of these important events. Peter shares with us his views of the legends and the leaders, fads and fashions, heroes and humour, tragedies and triumphs, that have shaped 20th century Australia. \ICredits: Peter Luck Productions (Australia) Pty Ltd and Southern Star Operations Pty. Ltd. \IPlease select the first link below to go to the start of the title. Alternatively, select any Chapter link to go to that Chapter.\i 2008-03-12T11:59:05+11:00 false 50 7 2008-04-17T14:39:20+10:00 Indig canoe.bmp \BAborigines making a bark canoe, near McArthur River, NT.\b \ICredit: photographed by the Barclay Expedition in 1911 [photographic image]. 1 photographic negative: B&W, acetate, National Archives of Australia, Image no.: A1200, L27116.\i \ShPreface Information for this title comes from a range of original source documents recounting early Australian History. It looks at the relationships and encounters that occurred between the early colonists and the Aborigines from 1788 onwards through to the late 1800s. \BPart I, presented here, is taken from \IA Complete Account of the Settlement at Port Jackson\i by Watkin Tench, Captain of the Marines, who arrived in Australia with the First Fleet in 1788.\b \BIn all cases, the original spelling and grammar are left as is to preserve the authenticity of the information.\b Future Parts of \BEarly Aboriginal History\b will come from other similar original source documents. These stories are not in any particular order and will continue to be added to on an ongoing basis. \IWarning: This chapter may contain the names and images of Aboriginal and Islander people now deceased.\i \IPlease select the first link below to go to the start of the title. Alternatively, select any Chapter link to go to that Chapter.\i 2008-03-13T12:10:40+11:00 false 51 7 2008-04-12T08:05:29+10:00 Indig pic dance.jpg \BAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples celebrating National Aborigines Day, 12 July, 1974, at the Yam Ball at the University Union, Australian National University.\b \ICredit: National Archives of Australia – A1200, L81522, Image no.: A8771, 740712/48.\i \ShPreface Information for this title comes from a range of original source documents recounting early Australian History. It looks at the relationships and encounters that occurred between the early colonists and the Aborigines from 1788 onwards through to the late 1800s. \BPart II, presented here, is taken from \I Historical Records of Australia\i covering information relating from 1788 to 1796. It mainly includes correspondence to England regarding encounters with Aborigines, and also General Orders issued by the Governor concerning treatment of the Aboriginal population.\b \BIn all cases, the original spelling and grammar are left as is to preserve the authenticity of the information.\b Future Parts of \BEarly Aboriginal History\b will come from other similar original source documents. These stories are not in any particular order and will continue to be added to on an ongoing basis. \IWarning: This chapter may contain the names and images of Aboriginal and Islander people now deceased. \i \IPlease select the first link below to go to the start of the title. Alternatively, select any Chapter link to go to that Chapter.\i 2008-03-13T12:38:20+11:00 false 52 7 2008-04-12T08:06:53+10:00 Indig dance 2.bmp \BAborigines dancing.\b \ICredit: National Archives of Australia, Image no.: A1200, L30939.\i \ShPreface Information for this title comes from a range of original source documents recounting early Australian History. It looks at the relationships and encounters that occurred between the early colonists and the Aborigines from 1788 onwards through to the late 1800s. \BPart III, presented here, is taken from \I Historical Records of Australia.\i This Part deals with despatches and papers relating to the settlement of the states, in this case Port Phillip, Victoria, 1803-1804 and Tasmania, 1803-June, 1812. It also includes Governor's Despatches to and from England and within Australia during the administration of Governor Darling, January 1827 to February, 1828. In all cases, the original spelling and grammar are left as is to preserve the authenticity of the information.\b Future Parts of \BEarly Aboriginal History\b will come from other similar original source documents. These stories are not in any particular order and will continue to be added to on an ongoing basis. \IWarning: This chapter may contain the names and images of Aboriginal and Islander people now deceased. \IPlease select the first link below to go to the start of the title. Alternatively, select any Chapter link to go to that Chapter.\i 2008-03-13T13:17:07+11:00 false 53 7 2008-04-12T08:08:13+10:00 kakadu 1.jpg \BKakadu National Park.\b \ICredit: David Webster.\i \ShPreface This title contains a range of Australian stories and Australian icons, in no particular order. Currently there are 39 such stories and these are continually added to on a regular basis. The following list shows the current stories, many of which have kindly been made available through the Australian Government, courtesy of its: \Ihttp://culture.gov.au\i portal. \IPlease select the first link below to go to the start of this title. Alternatively, click any link to go directly to that story.\i 2008-03-18T12:11:54+11:00 false 69 7 2008-04-17T06:44:44+10:00 \BAustralian Explorer Excerpts Collection\b \B\IHow to use this collection:\b\i These explorer excerpts, in chronological order, are mainly taken from the journals of Australian explorers, though there are also some historical comments by people like Ernest Favenc, himself an explorer, but also the author of a history of exploration. We have spent considerable time providing key phrases for each explorer excerpt to make searching easier. These excerpts have been compiled by Peter Macinnis, teacher, historian and science writer. If a key phrase interests you, you will be able to search for all similar entries. If you are looking, for example, for information on Spanish explorers, you would then search on this key phrase and all such entries would be found. Key phrases allow you to thoroughly investigate themes. Note that many of the early explorers were poor at spelling, or used different words: allegators, alligators and crocodiles are all the same, but as "crocodiles" is a key phrase, you will find all the instances by searching on "crocodiles". Note also that a number of the excerpts have been divided into manageable "bites": this is indicated by a number in square brackets after the date. \BAs most of the text comes from original source documents, we have not made any spelling or grammatical changes to preserve the authenticity of the information.\b The entries are in date order rather than explorer order, and almost 5,000 different entries are included. \IClick on the first link to see the list of key phrases. Alternatively, click on any date link to see explorer comments at that time.\i 2008-03-20T08:26:53+11:00 false 70 7 2008-04-12T08:21:36+10:00 rudd.jpg \BPrime Minister Kevin Rudd.\b \ICredit: http://www.pm.gov.au/.\i \ShPreface On Wednesday 13 February, 2008, the new Prime Minister, Kevin Rudd, apologised in federal Parliament to Australia’s Indigenous peoples for past mistreatment. He apologised for the laws and policies of successive Parliaments and governments that have inflicted profound grief, suffering and loss on these our fellow Australians, particular on the mistreatment of those who were part of the Stolen Generations. Please click on the link below to read the full text of the Prime Minister’s address to Parliament. 2008-05-31T18:13:07+10:00 false 153 7 2008-06-17T17:10:49+10:00